@prefix : . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix xml: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix skos: . @prefix dcterms: . @base . rdf:type owl:Ontology ; owl:versionIRI ; owl:imports ; dcterms:abstract ""@en ; dcterms:contributor , , "Michael Noeske, FRAUNHOFER IFAM, DE"@en ; dcterms:creator , ; dcterms:license "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" ; dcterms:publisher ; dcterms:title "Data"@en ; rdfs:comment "The EMMO requires HermiT reasoner plugin in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy (ctrl+R hotkey in Protege)."@en ; owl:versionInfo "1.0.0-rc1" ; :EMMO_1246b120_abbe_4840_b0f8_3e4348b24a17 "emmo@emmc.eu" . ################################################################# # Object Properties ################################################################# ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_b19aacfc_5f73_4c33_9456_469c1e89a53e :EMMO_b19aacfc_5f73_4c33_9456_469c1e89a53e rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :EMMO_55354438_7000_4284_b1b9_59d60c2261b9 ; rdfs:domain :EMMO_194e367c_9783_4bf5_96d0_9ad597d48d9a ; rdfs:range :EMMO_50d6236a_7667_4883_8ae1_9bb5d190423a ; skos:prefLabel "hasDatum"@en ; :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Relates a dataset to its datum."@en . ################################################################# # Classes ################################################################# ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_0d1c0018_42e2_4506_bc3d_f53c117c1ad3 :EMMO_0d1c0018_42e2_4506_bc3d_f53c117c1ad3 rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:example "A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound."@en ; skos:prefLabel "AnalogData"@en ; :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic."@en ; :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_194e367c_9783_4bf5_96d0_9ad597d48d9a :EMMO_194e367c_9783_4bf5_96d0_9ad597d48d9a rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DataSet"@en ; :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Encoded data made of more than one datum."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 :EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( :EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 :EMMO_5a10e288_c6a5_409a_a16a_98a2fb8be4f3 ) ] ; rdfs:subClassOf :EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9 ; rdfs:seeAlso "Luciano Floridi, \"Information - A very Short Introduction\", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378"@en ; skos:altLabel "Dedomena"@en , "Pattern"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Contrast"@en ; :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties."@en ; :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning."""@en , "The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded."@en . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; owl:annotatedTarget "Dedomena"@en ; :EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information)"@en ] . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 :EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( :EMMO_0d1c0018_42e2_4506_bc3d_f53c117c1ad3 :EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 ) ] , [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( :EMMO_194e367c_9783_4bf5_96d0_9ad597d48d9a :EMMO_50d6236a_7667_4883_8ae1_9bb5d190423a ) ] , [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( :EMMO_6fa1feac_c388_44cc_a721_283499d5addc :EMMO_ed257e78_8b59_44c3_9d61_06c261184f55 ) ] , [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( :EMMO_888a5dea_3b7d_4dc0_93f2_d4e345a1f903 :EMMO_ac1a05c5_0c17_4387_bac0_683f2a86f3ed ) ] ; owl:disjointWith :EMMO_5a10e288_c6a5_409a_a16a_98a2fb8be4f3 ; skos:altLabel "EncodedContrast"@en , "EncodedData"@en ; skos:example """A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names)."""@en , "A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Data"@en ; :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule."@en ; :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """EncodedData is the class where inventions that don't actually exist whould be placed. For example, the blueprint of a bridge is an encoded data. When the bridge will be built, than the blueprint will also be a semiotical entity. Another example is Superman, that exists only as a set of magazines, drawings, novels, movies, but not in the real world."""@en , """Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective."""@en , """We call \"decoding\" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). We call \"interpreting\" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective."""@en ; :EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data"^^xsd:anyURI . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedTarget "Data"@en ; :EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”)."@en ] . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource :EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 ; owl:annotatedProperty :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; owl:annotatedTarget """We call \"decoding\" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). We call \"interpreting\" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective."""@en ; skos:example "The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen."@en ] . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_50d6236a_7667_4883_8ae1_9bb5d190423a :EMMO_50d6236a_7667_4883_8ae1_9bb5d190423a rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:example "A character, a bit, a song in a CD."@en ; skos:prefLabel "Datum"@en ; :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A self-consistent encoded data entity."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_5a10e288_c6a5_409a_a16a_98a2fb8be4f3 :EMMO_5a10e288_c6a5_409a_a16a_98a2fb8be4f3 rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:altLabel "EnvironmentalData"@en ; skos:example "A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star."@en ; skos:prefLabel "NonEncodedContrast"@en ; :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Contrast that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it."@en ; :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "A non encoded contrast (e.g. a temperature variation) can be represented by data that describes (e.g. the string \"today it's warmer than yesterday\") or quantifies (e.g. Monday 28 °C, Tuesday 30 °C) it through a semiotic process."@en , """This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a contrast occurs naturally, such as cloud patterns, tree rings, stains. It doesn't mean that such contrasts cannot be used to deduce something: in fact thaty can be seen as indexes (in semiotic sense) of a causally connected pehnomena. Simply, there is no agent behind that contrast with the intention to transmit data."""@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_6fa1feac_c388_44cc_a721_283499d5addc :EMMO_6fa1feac_c388_44cc_a721_283499d5addc rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "QuantumData"@en ; :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_888a5dea_3b7d_4dc0_93f2_d4e345a1f903 :EMMO_888a5dea_3b7d_4dc0_93f2_d4e345a1f903 rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "NumericalData"@en ; :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ac1a05c5_0c17_4387_bac0_683f2a86f3ed :EMMO_ac1a05c5_0c17_4387_bac0_683f2a86f3ed rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "NonNumericalData"@en ; :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types)."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 :EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:example "A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands."@en ; skos:prefLabel "DiscreteData"@en ; :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema."@en ; :EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. Discrete does not mean that the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules."""@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_ed257e78_8b59_44c3_9d61_06c261184f55 :EMMO_ed257e78_8b59_44c3_9d61_06c261184f55 rdf:type owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ClassicalData"@en ; :EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time."@en . ### Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.26.2023-07-17T20:34:13Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi